The Technology UsedIn Air Purifiers

October 11, 2022

The Technology UsedIn Air Purifiers

There are many different technologies and media in a good quality air purifier, so that it can provide clean and safe air to users. The commonly used air purification technologies are: adsorption technology, negative (positive) ion technology, catalytic technology, photocatalyst technology, superstructure photomineralization technology, HEPA efficient filtration technology, electrostatic dust collection technology, etc. Material technology mainly includes: photocatalyst, activated carbon, synthetic fiber, HEPA efficient material, negative ion generator and so on. The existing air purifiers are mostly complex, that is, a variety of purification technologies and material media are used at the same time, which is more effective and safe.

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HEPA filter

High efficiency particulate air filters (HEPA) are one of the most popular technologies used in good quality air purification. Standard HEPA filter can absorb 99.7% of the size of 0.3 micron suspended particles (0.3 micron is the most difficult size to filter), but its wind resistance is relatively large, generally rarely used in the air purifier, the actual air purifier manufacturers claim that HEPA is not really HEPA, its filtration efficiency is slightly lower than HEPA, Wind resistance is also relatively low. Whether it's real HEPA or advertised HEPA, it makes the air you breathe in fresher and cleaner. The filters absorb chemical fumes, bacteria, dust particles and pollen, which are filtered through an air purifier so that the air is free of these pollutants.
The advantages of HEPA filter are effective and safe, and it is the most important technology to remove particulate pollutants in the air, but the disadvantage is that it can only filter out suspended particles and can not filter out harmful gases. The air cleaner using HEPA should have a good air tight design, otherwise the air will bypass the filter and lose the filtering effect.
Electrostatic electret screen technology
The use of electrostatic electret loaded non-woven cloth to collect dust is an upgraded version of HEPA technology. Advantages are low wind resistance, high efficiency, high dust capacity, the most important is safety. With the "high efficiency electrostatic air filter" on the market as the representative, the use of breakthrough carrying permanent electrostatic filter material, effectively block the air particles greater than 0.1 micron pollutants, such as dust, dander, pollen, bacteria, etc., at the same time, ultra-low impedance to ensure energy saving. In addition, the deep dust tolerance design ensures longer service life. By 2013, it has been widely used in home and car air conditioners (such as the best-selling models of SAIC, Volkswagen, GM and other well-known brands) and some commercial buildings (such as Bird's Nest, Beijing hotel, and Capital Airport Phase III).
Activated carbon screen
Activated carbon for air purification is an internationally recognized and efficient adsorption material, and it was used in gas masks as early as World War I. Activated carbon is widely used in cars and indoor air purification. Activated carbon is a porous carbon material, its rich space structure make it has large surface area, so it's easy to contact with toxic or harmful gases in the air is full, the strong adsorption of activated carbon holes around the force field will immediately to the suction hole, toxic gas molecules so active carbon has strong adsorption ability also is the main technique to remove gaseous pollutants. Activated carbon adsorption technology is mainly divided into two categories: physical adsorption and chemical adsorption.
Physical adsorption is mainly aimed at macromolecular organic gases (such as benzene and other TVOC) through the microporous structure of activated carbon itself to adsorb these macromolecular pollutants. Chemical adsorption mainly for small molecule gaseous pollutants (formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides, etc.), for example, because of the small molecule gas is adsorbed easily again after release form secondary pollution, so to activated carbon for chemical processing, makes the adsorption gas and chemical reaction, so as to achieve the adsorption effect.
Dust collection technology,
Use the principle of high voltage electrostatic adsorption to remove particulate pollutants in the air, such as dust, soot, pollen, cigarette smell and kitchen fume. The disadvantage of this technology is that it produces ozone easily and is only effective on large particle gases such as particulate matter. Its disadvantage is the need to pay attention to the safety of electrical appliances (high voltage sometimes reaches tens of thousands of volts), cleaning is difficult, and easy to produce ozone, must be properly designed to let ozone discharge to safe concentration below.

Air Purifiers

Ozone can kill bacteria, in killing some viruses and bacteria at the same time may also kill human white blood cells, may lead to cancer. Therefore, it is generally not used for household air purification products. Ozone factor is mainly used to sterilize and disinfect the air. Ozone is a world-recognized and efficient sterilization and detoxification oxidant, which can efficiently decompose all kinds of decoration pollutants and quickly kill all kinds of viruses and bacteria. Can meet just finished decorating and periodic special static management, but because of ozone has strong oxidation, will cause harm to people, accelerate the surface aging, need to tip is this method of processing the need for personnel to avoid, timing processing after 30 minutes automatic reduction of oxygen, is a kind of green oxidation decomposition agent, without any chemical residues is the effective security.

Ultraviolet light is used to sterilize the inside of the machine, but it also tends to produce too much ozone. To achieve effective disinfection function must ensure a certain irradiation time, good quality air purifier general wind speed is large, so the UV sterilization ability is limited, and the human body can not receive UV irradiation for a long time, the seal should be tight.
Physical technology
Photocatalyst is a general term of photosemiconductor materials with photocatalytic function represented by nano-sized titanium dioxide. It is coated on the surface of the substrate and produces catalytic degradation function under the action of light, which can degrade toxic and harmful gases in the air. A good photocatalytic air purification device with UV light source has a purification efficiency of 3%(calculated by the difference between the concentration of pollutants in the inlet and outlet of the device), and the best does not reach 5%. Therefore, its purification efficiency is very low, and related studies have shown that the photocatalytic process will produce highly toxic intermediates.

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